Floors buckle when boards swell and lift — almost always from moisture or no expansion gap. The fix is to find and stop the moisture source, then re-acclimate or replace the affected boards and restore the perimeter gap.
Top causes
Water intrusion (leaks, flooding, high humidity), a missing or filled expansion gap at the walls, or planks installed before acclimating to the room. Laminate and floating floors are most prone.

How to fix it
Stop the moisture first. Minor cases may relax once humidity normalizes; otherwise lift the baseboard to restore the expansion gap, replace swollen boards, and re-acclimate replacements on-site for 48–72 hours.

Prevention
Acclimate flooring before install, hold a 1/4–3/8 in. expansion gap, control indoor humidity, and address leaks immediately.
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